Which data sources are typical for triangulation?

• A. Observations, teacher reports, and assessment data
• B. Social media and rumors
• C. Only standardized test scores
• D. The student's self-evaluation alone

Answer: (A)

Triangulation uses information from multiple data sources to confirm findings. Observations provide direct, real-time evidence of how a student behaves and performs in classroom tasks and interactions. Teacher reports capture professional insight across different times and settings, reflecting patterns in learning and behavior. Assessment data offer objective measures of skills and achievement, giving a standardized benchmark. Together, these sources cross-verify conclusions and help reveal a complete picture, including any discrepancies that may warrant further investigation.

Relying on social media or rumors isn’t systematic or reliable for informing educational decisions. Only standardized test scores overlook daily classroom functioning and context, missing important aspects of performance. A student’s self-evaluation alone can be biased or incomplete and may not reflect observable behaviors or broader achievement.